評論
打印
Implement UNCLOS in Full and in Good Faith and?Actively Contribute to Global Maritime Governance
全面善意履行《公約》，積極貢獻全球海洋治理
– Keynote Report by Vice Foreign Minister Xie Feng at "UNCLOS at 40: Retrospect and Prospect"
——謝鋒副部長在《聯合國海洋法公約》開放簽署40周年國際研討會上的主旨報告
1 September 2022
2022年9月1日
It gives me great pleasure to join you in this conference to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the opening for signature of UNCLOS. Just now, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi offered important views and proposed pioneering initiatives on upholding the principles and spirit of UNCLOS and advancing global maritime governance. The opinions shared by Under-Secretary-General Soares in his address also give us much food for thought.
很高興參加本次研討會，共同紀念《聯合國海洋法公約》開放簽署40周年。剛才王毅國務委員兼外長就堅持《公約》原則和精神，促進全球海洋治理發表了重要意見、提出了引領性倡議。蘇亞雷斯副秘書長的致辭也讓我們大家深受啟發。
The UNCLOS negotiations were the first major international legislative process China took part in after the restoration of its lawful seat at the United Nations. China was one of the first countries that signed UNCLOS in December 1982, and ratified the Convention in 1996, giving a strong boost to its conclusion and entry-into-force. As a State Party to UNCLOS, China has fully and faithfully implemented UNCLOS, and proved itself an active participant, builder and contributor to the Convention and its mechanisms.
《公約》談判是中國恢復聯合國合法席位后參與的首個重要國際立法進程。中國在1982年12月首批簽署《公約》、1996年批準《公約》，有力促進《公約》的達成和生效。作為《公約》締約國，中國全面、忠實履行《公約》，是《公約》及其機制的積極參與者、建設者和貢獻者。
First, China has constructed a matrix of maritime legislation to facilitate UNCLOS implementation on the ground. In accordance with the provisions and spirit of UNCLOS, China has promulgated the Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone and the Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. China has also introduced the Marine Environment Protection Law, the Fisheries Law, the Sea Areas Administration Law and other important maritime laws for the purpose of strengthening the protection of the marine environment and preservation of marine resources. In recent years, by promulgating the Law on the Deep Seafloor Exploration, introducing the Coast Guard Law, and revising the Maritime Traffic Safety Law, China has further strengthened its maritime legislation system consistent with UNCLOS and other international law.
第一，打造海洋立法矩陣，推動《公約》落地生根。中國依據《公約》規定和精神，先后頒布《領海及毗連區法》和《專屬經濟區和大陸架法》。中國還出臺《海洋環境保護法》《漁業法》《海域使用管理法》等重要涉海法律，加強海洋環保和資源養護。近年，中國頒布《深海海底區域資源勘探開發法》，出臺《海警法》，修訂《海上交通安全法》，不斷完善符合包括《公約》在內國際法的海洋立法體系。
Second, China has ensured standard operation of marine scientific research and worked together with other developing countries to advance human knowledge of the ocean. China has continued to strengthen management of marine scientific research in accordance with UNCLOS, and actively engaged in cooperation on marine scientific research. China has built joint maritime research centers with the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pakistan and Tanzania, among others, and assisted Nigeria, Mozambique, Seychelles and Madagascar in conducting scientific research on the continental shelf. Through the participation in the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), China has contributed its share to advance the learning and protection of the ocean.
第二，規范海洋科考，攜手發展中國家認知海洋。中國持續依據《公約》加強海洋科考管理。中國積極開展海洋科考合作，與菲律賓、印度尼西亞、越南、巴基斯坦、坦桑尼亞等設立聯合海洋研究中心；協助尼日利亞、莫桑比克、塞舌爾、馬達加斯加等開展大陸架科學調查。中國積極參加“聯合國海洋科學促進可持續發展十年”計劃，為認識和保護海洋做貢獻。
Third, China has worked to protect humanity's blue homeland and followed a sustainable approach to fisheries development. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, China has stepped up its participation in the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities of the United Nations Environment Programme to promote clean and beautiful oceans across the globe. China has joined regional fisheries management organizations including in the North Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, and committed itself to sustainable development of fisheries on the high seas and a zero-tolerance approach to illegal fishing. China is actively studying the accession to the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing.
第三，保護人類藍色家園，堅持漁業可持續發展。中國以習近平生態文明思想為指引，深度參與聯合國環境規劃署“防止陸上活動影響海洋全球行動計劃”，推動建設清潔美麗的全球海洋。中國已參加北太平洋、印度洋、大西洋等區域漁業管理組織，致力于公海漁業可持續開發，對非法捕撈行為實行“零容忍”，正積極研究加入《關于預防、制止和消除IUU捕撈的港口國措施協定》。
Fourth, China has supported the capacity building of the three UNCLOS bodies to facilitate the efficient functioning of the Convention. China has by now acquired five prospecting and exploration mining areas from the International Seabed Authority (ISA) and contributed two reserved areas on its part. Together with the ISA, China has built the world's first joint training and research center on deep seas. China has firmly upheld Annex I Article 5 of the rules of procedure of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), and submitted to the Commission preliminary information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the East China Sea. Meanwhile, China has contributed its wisdom and strength to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) with the submission of written statements on relevant advisory opinions. As the largest funding contributor of the ISA and the ITLOS, China has always paid its membership contributions on time and in full, providing strong financial support to the functioning of the two institutional bodies.
第四，賦能《公約》三大機構，助力《公約》高效運作。中國迄今已向國際海底管理局申獲5塊勘探礦區，貢獻2塊保留區，與管理局共建全球首個深海聯合培訓和研究中心。中國堅定維護大陸架界限委員會“有爭端、不審議”規則，并向委員會提交了東海外大陸架界限初步信息。中國就相關咨詢意見案等向國際海洋法法庭提交書面意見，貢獻中國智慧和力量。作為管理局和法庭最大會費國，中國堅持及時足額繳納會費，為兩機構運作提供有力財務支撐。
China has all along maintained that maritime disputes shall be handled through negotiation and consultation by the parties directly concerned. China does not accept or recognize the so-called "award" of the South China Sea arbitration, which is for the very purpose of upholding the authority and integrity of UNCLOS.
中國一貫主張由直接當事國通過談判磋商解決海洋爭端。中國不接受、不承認南海仲裁案所謂裁決，就是要維護《公約》的權威性和完整性。
Fifth, China has protected the freedom and safety of navigation and ensured smooth international shipping. China respects and supports the freedoms of navigation and overflight enjoyed by all countries in its surrounding sea areas under international law. China actively implements UNCLOS and the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and has acceded to almost all conventions under the IMO framework. China has steadily boosted maritime rescue and other services, and significantly improved the conditions for navigation safety. China has been deeply involved in work related to the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, and has actively carried out naval escorts in the Gulf of Aden. Over the years, China has worked proactively to ensure and protect the navigation rights of all countries in different sea areas, and there has never been a problem with navigation in the sea areas within its jurisdiction.
第五，保障航行自由和安全，守護國際航運暢通。中方一貫尊重和支持各國依據國際法在周邊海域享有的航行和飛越自由。中國積極落實《公約》和國際海事組織相關規定，加入了國際海事組織框架下幾乎所有公約，不斷提升海上搜救等保障服務，顯著改善航行安全條件。中國深度參與《亞洲地區反海盜及武裝劫船合作協定》，積極開展亞丁灣護航。多年來，中方積極保障和維護各國在不同海域的航行權利，在管轄海域從未出現航行方面的問題。
Distinguished guests,
各位嘉賓，
As President Xi Jinping pointed out, the blue planet humans inhabit is not divided into islands by the oceans, but connected by the oceans to form a community with a shared future. At present, global transformation unseen in a century is evolving at an accelerated pace, and new global maritime issues keep emerging. We must accurately interpret and apply UNCLOS in its entirety and in good faith, and give balanced consideration to UNCLOS, other maritime treaties and general international law. We should bear in mind the Convention's original goal of upholding the interests of mankind as a whole, oppose the distortion and abuse of UNCLOS, reject the practice of double standards and selective application, and discard the mindset of "might is right". We should strengthen international cooperation, balance marine environmental protection and utilization, safeguard global food and energy security, attach higher importance to new forms of ocean utilization including seawater desalination and tidal energy, and take credible steps to raise developing countries' ability to learn about, utilize and protect the sea and participate in global maritime governance.
習近平主席指出，我們人類居住的藍色星球，不是被海洋分割成了各個孤島，而是被海洋連接成了命運共同體。當前，百年變局加速演進，全球海洋新問題層出不窮。我們要完整、準確、善意解釋和適用《公約》，兼顧《公約》、其他涉海條約和一般國際法。要從《公約》維護全人類利益的初衷出發，反對歪曲濫用，反對雙重標準和選擇性適用，反對強權即公理。要加強國際合作，平衡海洋環保與利用，維護全球糧食和能源安全，重視海水淡化、潮汐能等新海洋利用形式，切實提升發展中國家認識、利用、保護海洋和參加全球海洋治理的能力。
We need to faithfully uphold the purposes and principles of UNCLOS. UNCLOS gives due regard for the sovereignty of all States and aims to promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans and realize a just and equitable international economic order. UNCLOS has established important principles including peaceful uses of the seas, freedom of the high seas and the international seabed as the common heritage of mankind. All parties should follow the purposes and principles of UNCLOS, duly exercise their rights under the Convention, fulfill their obligations under the Convention in good faith, reject the law of the jungle at sea, and oppose the attempt to threaten other country's sovereignty and security by using the sea.
我們要忠實維護《公約》宗旨原則?！豆s》妥為顧及各國主權，旨在促進海洋和平用途，實現公平公正的國際經濟秩序?！豆s》確認了和平使用海洋、公海自由、國際海底為人類共同繼承財產等重要原則。各方應以《公約》宗旨原則為指引，合理行使《公約》權利，善意履行《公約》義務，抵制海上“叢林法則”，反對利用海洋威脅他國主權安全。
We need to strictly abide by the regime on navigation stipulated in UNCLOS. UNCLOS has stipulated the regime on navigation for various sea areas including the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and high seas. Foreign ships enjoy innocent passage in the territorial sea, but such passage shall not be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. They enjoy freedom of navigation in the exclusive economic zone, but shall have due regard to the coastal State's sovereign rights over natural resources and jurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection, among others. All parties enjoy freedom of navigation in the high seas, but must comply with such requirements as "the high seas shall be reserved for peaceful purposes". In exercising navigation rights in different sea areas, all parties should fully abide by the provisions of UNCLOS in letter and spirit; otherwise, the integrity and authority of UNCLOS will be undermined. Even if one is not a State Party to UNCLOS, it should not underscore only their navigation rights while ignoring the legitimate rights and interests of coastal States. The attempts to misinterpret the regime on sea areas established by UNCLOS and play up the so-called freedom of navigation issues are driven purely by ill intentions. China respects the lawful navigation rights of all countries, but firmly opposes certain country's move to threaten China's sovereignty and security in the name of freedom of navigation.
我們要嚴格遵守《公約》規定的航行制度?！豆s》在領海、專屬經濟區、公海等海域規定了相應的航行制度。外國船舶在領海享有無害通過，但不得損害沿海國的和平、良好秩序或安全；在專屬經濟區享有航行自由，但須顧及沿海國對自然資源的主權權利以及對海洋科考、環保等事項的管轄權；各方在公海享有航行自由，但須符合“公海應只用于和平目的”等要求。各方在不同海域行使航行權利，均應全面遵守《公約》規定和精神，否則將損害《公約》完整性和權威性。即使非《公約》締約國也不能片面強調航行權利，而無視沿海國的正當合理權益?；煜豆s》設立的海域制度，無中生有地炒作所謂航行自由問題，是造謠抹黑、別有用心。中方尊重各國依法享有的航行權利，但堅決反對個別國家以“航行自由”之名，行威脅中國主權和安全之實。
We need to accurately apply the dispute settlement mechanism of UNCLOS in good faith. UNCLOS advocates "to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea". The parties to a dispute are the owners of the dispute settlement procedures. Only when the procedures are approved and accepted by the parties concerned, can they be truly effective in settling the dispute. All parties concerned and international institutions should honor the principle of State consent, act in line with the realities of the dispute among regional countries, and accurately apply the dispute settlement procedures in good faith, and must not overstep or abuse their mandate.
我們要善意、準確適用《公約》爭端解決機制?！豆s》倡導“以互相諒解和合作的精神解決與海洋法有關的一切問題”。爭端當事方是爭端解決程序的主人，只有當事方認可和接受相關爭端解決程序，才能真正有效解決爭端。有關各方和國際機構應恪守“國家同意原則”，結合地區國家爭端實際，善意、準確適用《公約》爭端解決程序，不得越權濫用。
Distinguished guests,
各位嘉賓，
Standing at a new historical starting point and faced with new circumstances and challenges, China is ready to work with all parties to uphold the purposes and principles of UNCLOS, fully and accurately implement the provisions of UNCLOS, meet the challenges of the era, steadily improve global maritime governance rules, and build a maritime community with a shared future.
站在新的歷史起點上，面對新形勢、新挑戰，中方愿與各方一道，堅持《公約》宗旨原則，全面準確落實《公約》規定，攜手應對時代挑戰，不斷完善全球海洋治理規則，共同構建海洋命運共同體。
To conclude, I wish this conference a full success. Thank you!
最后，預祝研討會圓滿成功。謝謝大家！
