評論
打印
Welcome to this edition of Our World.
歡迎收聽本期的《我們的世界》。
Our main focus tonight will be on pollution.
今晚我們主要討論污染問題。
We are going to talk about a type of pollution which many people have not even heard of.
我們將要談論的是一種許多人甚至都沒有聽說過的污染問題。
Susan Conroy is the Press Liaison officer for the Darker Skies Association.
蘇珊·康羅伊是黑暗天空協會的新聞聯絡官。
Susan, could you just give us a few ideas of what, in your mind, constitutes light pollution?
蘇珊，你能給我們講講你認為的光污染是什么嗎？
I understand one of the most serious problems is that of light escaping up into the skies above our cities and the result is we cannot see all the stars that were once visible.
據我所知，其中一個最嚴重的問題是，城市光線向天空外溢，導致我們無法看到曾經可以看到的所有星星。
That is what I would term a symptom of the problem and not necessarily the most serious consequence.
這就是我所說的問題的癥狀，但不一定是最嚴重的后果。
I would recommend your listeners, if they live in the city area, to go outside, after listening to this program of course, and to look up into the sky.
我建議你的聽眾，如果他們住在市區，在聽完這期節目后，到外面抬頭看一看夜空。
I would be surprised if any of them managed to see more than five to ten stars.
如果他們中有人能夠看到5到10顆星星就很讓人驚喜了。
If they had done this twenty years ago, they would be talking about hundreds and hundreds.
如果他們在20年前抬頭看過夜空，他們會談論天空中有成百上千顆星星。
This is a problem that is getting worse.
這是一個越來越糟糕的問題。
The whole light pollution situation is deteriorating.
光污染狀況整體上正在惡化。
Then, what causes this light pollution, Susan?
那么，是什么導致了這種光污染呢，蘇珊？
Is it just badly positioned streetlights that shine up into the sky?
難道只是路燈位置不對，導致路燈直射天空？
Well, that is true. Poorly positioned streetlights are a major contributory factor in all of this.
沒錯。路燈位置不佳是造成這一切的一個主要因素。
Light pollution is not only light that is shining up into the sky which blocks out the stars we were just talking about.
照射到天空的光線遮住我們剛才所說的星星只是光污染的一個方面。
Light pollution is also when areas are over-lit, for example, or lighting is badly designed or badly positioned, which then creates excessive glare.
例如，當某些區域過度照明，或者照明設計不當或位置不當時，也會產生光污染，產生過多刺眼的光。
This can obviously be dangerous if drivers are affected.
如果司機受到影響，這顯然是危險的。
I know so many people are worried about security and I imagine this is why huge areas of our cities are, in your words, over-lit.
我知道很多人擔心安全問題，我想這就是城市的大部分地區，用你的話說，都過度照明的原因。
Well, many studies have shown there is little connection between lighting and crime.
許多研究表明，照明與犯罪之間幾乎沒什么聯系。
Besides, much of the lighting which is badly designed creates very strong light and shadow contrasts, which actually creates good hiding places for criminals.
此外，許多設計糟糕的照明會產生非常強烈的光影對比，這實際上為犯罪分子創造了好的藏身之處。
So what changes would you like to see implemented, Susan?
蘇珊，你希望看到實施哪些改革措施呢？
I think there are some very basic things that can be changed.
我認為有一些非?；镜氖虑槭强梢愿淖兊?。
There needs to be a standard for street lighting which eliminates completely above-horizontal light escape.
需要出臺一個關于道路照明的標準，以有效避免光線外溢。
By that I mean we can't continue to use inefficient street lighting equipment which enables a lot of the light emitted to escape upwards into the sky.
我的意思是，我們不能繼續使用低效的街道照明設備，這會使大量光線外溢到天空中。
That is the first priority. Next, we need tougher restrictions on how much light is used to illuminate a given area.
這是第一要務。接下來，我們需要更嚴格地限制用于照亮特定區域的光量。
That way, we avoid the problem of what is called light trespass, where light escapes from the area, for example, a parking lot that it is supposed to illuminate, and goes, for instance, into nearby windows or roads.
這樣，我們就避免了所謂的光侵入問題，即光從某個區域外溢，例如，應該照亮停車場的光線外溢進入附近的窗戶或道路。
Yeah, that often happens.
是的，這種事經常發生。
This is what we are saying.
這就是我們所說的。
We don't have a problem with security lighting in any number of parking lots or stores.
我們在任何停車場或商店都沒有安全照明的問題。
But, and this is important, the lighting needs to be suitable and, above all, directed correctly.
但是，這一點很重要，光線要合適，最重要的是，照明方向正確。
We are becoming a society obsessed with turning night into day but I can tell you now, not everybody finds this situation satisfactory.
我們正在成為一個癡迷于將黑夜變成白天的社會，但我現在可以告訴你，并不是每個人都對這種情況感到滿意。
Is there something we can do ourselves to lessen the problem, or at least not add to it?
我們自己能做些什么來減輕這個問題，或者至少不會加劇這個問題？
Yes. There are things we can do in our own home.
是的。我們可以在自己的家里做一些事情。
For example, if you use lighting, be it security lighting or lighting for your barbecue in the garden, just make sure it is well directed, by which I mean angled downwards, and the light source itself, the bulb I mean, has a good cover on it.
例如，如果你使用照明，無論是安全照明還是花園燒烤的照明，只要確保光線方向良好，我的意思是應該讓光線的照射角度向下，燈泡上有一個很好的遮蓋物。
Well I, for one, have learnt a lot this evening.
就我而言，今天晚上學到了很多東西。
And you have given us a lot of food for thought the next time we look up into an increasingly orange sky al night. Susan, thanks for your time tonight.
下次當我們在夜晚抬頭看橙色的天空時，我們會想到你所講述的內容。蘇珊，謝謝你今晚抽出時間來參加我們的節目。
You're welcome!
不客氣！
This is the end of the second interview.
第二個訪談到此結束。
Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard.
根據剛剛聽到的內容，回答6至10題。
Question 6: What does the woman think of light pollution?
問題6：女士對光污染問題有什么看法？
Question 7: Why does the woman suggest that the audience look up into the sky?
問題7：為什么女士建議觀眾抬頭看天空？
Question 8: In the woman's opinion, how does lighting relate to crime?
問題8：在女士看來，照明與犯罪有什么關系？
Question 9: What change would the woman like to see?
問題9：女士希望看到什么樣的變化？
Question 10: What does the woman recommend for home lighing?
問題10：女士對家庭照明有什么建議？
